How Do You Know if Amber is Real? A Comprehensive Guide to Authenticating Amber
Amber, fossilized tree resin, has captivated humans for millennia with its warm glow and intriguing history. But with its growing popularity, the market is unfortunately flooded with imitations. Knowing how to identify genuine amber is crucial for both collectors and buyers. This guide will equip you with the knowledge to distinguish real amber from its cleverly crafted counterfeits.
Understanding Amber's Properties: The Foundation of Authentication
Before diving into specific tests, it's essential to understand the unique properties that define real amber:
- Organic Origin: Genuine amber is a natural fossilized resin, formed millions of years ago. This organic composition is key to its identification.
- Specific Gravity: Real amber is relatively lightweight compared to other materials. Its specific gravity typically ranges from 1.05 to 1.10.
- Unique Inclusions: Many pieces of amber contain trapped insects, plant matter, or air bubbles, offering a fascinating glimpse into prehistoric life. These inclusions are rarely perfectly replicated in fakes.
- Fluorescence: Under UV light (ultraviolet), genuine amber often exhibits fluorescence, glowing a bluish or greenish hue. However, this isn't a foolproof test, as some fakes can also fluoresce.
Common Methods to Identify Real Amber:
Here are several methods used to determine the authenticity of amber, ranging from simple home tests to more sophisticated laboratory techniques:
1. The Saltwater Test:
This is a simple, widely used home test. Dissolve a substantial amount of salt (around 2-3 tablespoons) in a glass of water. Real amber will float, while most imitations will sink. This is because of amber's relatively low density. However, some sophisticated fakes might also float, making it just one piece of the puzzle.
2. The Heat Test (Use Caution!):
- Gently heat a needle and touch it to the amber. Real amber will release a distinct pine-like aroma. However, exercise extreme caution as this method can damage the amber. Only use this test on an inconspicuous area, and always prioritize safety.
- Be aware that some plastics can also produce a similar smell, so this test is not conclusive on its own.
3. The Friction Test:
Rub the amber against a piece of wool or your hair. Real amber will generate a static charge, attracting small pieces of paper or other lightweight objects. Again, this isn't a definitive test as some imitations can exhibit this property.
4. Examining Inclusions:
If the amber contains inclusions, carefully examine them under magnification. Natural inclusions are often irregular and three-dimensional, unlike the artificial inclusions found in many fakes. Authentic inclusions are frequently positioned within the amber in a way that is highly unlikely to be replicated by human hands.
5. Ultraviolet (UV) Light Test:
Observe the amber under a UV lamp. Many (but not all) authentic pieces of amber will fluoresce, emitting a bluish or greenish glow. However, some plastics and other materials can also fluoresce under UV light, so this test should be used in conjunction with others.
What About Other Tests?
While the above methods are commonly used, other more sophisticated tests exist, such as:
Refractive Index Measurement: This method measures the speed at which light travels through the material.
Specific Gravity Measurement: This determines the density of the amber.
These are generally performed by gemologists or laboratories equipped with specialized equipment.
Is it always easy to tell if amber is real?
No, not always. Sophisticated counterfeits are becoming increasingly common. It's crucial to remember that none of the above tests are definitive on their own. The most reliable method is to combine several tests and carefully examine the piece for inconsistencies. If you are unsure about a piece's authenticity, seeking professional appraisal from a qualified gemologist is always recommended.
Where to Buy Amber Safely:
Consider purchasing amber from reputable dealers and jewellers who provide certificates of authenticity. Be wary of exceptionally cheap prices, which often indicate counterfeits.
By understanding amber's properties and applying these tests judiciously, you can significantly improve your chances of identifying genuine amber and avoiding costly mistakes. Remember, a cautious approach and a combination of tests are key to ensuring you acquire a genuine piece of this fascinating natural treasure.
